Technology and Development 
  WTO, TRIPS and Intellectual Property Rights

since 2002/06/05

1. Trade and Intellectual Property Rights: A Short History

• Chronology

• Registered Patents, Industrial countries, 1700-2000

• Registered Patents, Japan, 1880‐2000

• Number of Patents Granted: Asian Countries

• Number of Patents Granted to Nationals: Asian Countries

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2. International IPR Regime

• Patents:
  Paris convention for the Protection of Industrial Property

  • full text, see WIPO　

  • member list, see WIPO

  • National Treatment

  • member states

• Copyrights:
  Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works

  • full text

  • National Treatment

  • No formality needed

  • Berne Union

  • member states 

• International Bodies

WIPO	UPOV

• WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization

• UPOV: The International Union for the Protection of the New Varieties of Plants

Increasing Coverage of
Trade-related multilateral conventions 

• Check the status of your country > click here
  　

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3. U.S. Trade and IPRs Policy

• Fall & Rise of U.S. industrial competitiveness

  • semicon. case

• 1980s Move to "Pro-Patent" policy

• Chip design protection

• Software protection by Copyright Act

• 1985 Presidential Commission on Competitiveness(Young Report)
  Trade/IPRs Linkage Strategy

  • Unilateral

  • Bilateral

  • Multilateral

• 1988 Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act

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4. Impacts of Uruguay Round

• Single Undertaking: "Join to all or not join at all"

• TRIPS: Trade Related aspects of Intellectual property Systems

  • International leveling of protection level

• Patent (Article 27-39)

  • Scope of Coverage 

    • Drugs

    • Biotechnology

  • Minimum 20 years protection

• Copyright (Article 9-14)

  • Computer programs should be protected under Berne Convention (Article 10)

• Chip Design (Article 35-38)

• Trademark (Article 15-21)

• Trade Secret (Article 39)

• Other

  • National Treatment

  • Most Favorable Nations Treatment (MFN)

  • Dispute resolution under WTO process

  • 5 to 11years allowance for developing countries as a compromise

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5. Internet, E-Commerce

• Software Piracy

• Internet Domain Names

  • Domain Name Dispute 

  • ICANN

• Is Business Model patentable?

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6. Biotechnology

TRIPS

• Foods & Drugs patents should be protected

• Genetically engineered microorganism 

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

• A fair and equitable sharing of benefits (Article 15-7)

• full text, see CBD

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LINKS

• WIPO　(in English, French, Spanish and Arabic)

• JPO: Japanese Patent Office

• EPO: European Patent Office

• USPTO: US Patent and Trademark Office

• Links to National IPRs Offices ( provided by WIPO)

• Country Patent Statistics
  (Excel file)

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© Yoshiki Mikami 2001       last updated 2002/06/04